\u201cPas gjith\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe ne ende e n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsojm\u00eb Putinin, ka di\u00e7ka n\u00eb logjik\u00ebn e tij q\u00eb na shp\u00ebton. Por, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, kush prej nesh do t\u00eb kishte besuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb?\u201d<\/p>\n
Ashtu si n\u00eb vitet 1920 nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb par\u00eb, Berlini \u00ebsht\u00eb qyteti i refugjat\u00ebve rus\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ata quheshin Vladimir Nabokov ose Marina Tsvetaeva \u2013 rus\u00ebt nga Charlottenburg q\u00eb ik\u00ebn nga Revolucioni i Tetorit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt lan\u00eb nj\u00eb kujtim t\u00eb pashlyesh\u00ebm n\u00eb kryeqytet.<\/p>\n
Sot ka mij\u00ebra, si at\u00ebher\u00eb, nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb kulturuar, t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb: \u00ebsht\u00eb Rusia ajo q\u00eb me Gorba\u00e7ovin besonte se mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Irina Scherbakowa \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej tyre, n\u00eb vitin 2022 ajo fitoi \u00c7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr Paqe me Memorial, organizata m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ruse p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut. Historiane dhe shkrimtare, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb an\u00ebtarja m\u00eb e njohur s\u00eb bashku me Oleg Orlov.<\/p>\n
Q\u00eb nga vitet 1990, Memorial ka zbuluar kujtimin e stalinizmit, duke mbledhur emrat e t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 3.5 milion\u00eb viktimave t\u00eb gulag\u00ebve dhe terrorit.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb leksikon familjar, historia e heshtur dhe e varrosur e Rusis\u00eb \u2013 p\u00ebrpara se Putini t\u2019i mbyllte ato n\u00eb dhjetor 2021, k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht.<\/p>\n
\u201cKemi shp\u00ebtuar sa mund\u00ebm\u201d, shpjegon \u201cdhe tani kemi nj\u00eb rrjet n\u00eb 17 vende jasht\u00eb Rusis\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n
Takimi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kafene n\u00eb Kollwitzplatz, rrug\u00ebt e gjera t\u00eb mbuluara me pem\u00eb ku rinia takohet p\u00ebr m\u00ebngjesin e s\u00eb diel\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Merr t\u00eb haj\u00eb nj\u00eb sallat\u00eb frutash me kos, por m\u00eb pas pranon t\u00eb ndaj\u00eb tort\u00ebn me \u00e7okollat\u00eb. Duket si nj\u00eb nga ata njer\u00ebz q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb me pak.<\/p>\n
Ajo prezantohet ashtu si\u00e7 shfaqet n\u00eb foto: flok\u00eb me balluke t\u00eb zeza, rroba t\u00eb zeza dhe nj\u00eb gjerdan, k\u00ebsaj here i kuq, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur t\u00eb gjith\u00ebn. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 75-vje\u00e7are \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje praktike, e dallueshme, magnetike n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e vet.<\/p>\n
Sapo ka fituar \u00e7mimin Hemingway n\u00eb Itali. Hemingway, tregon ajo, ishte shkrimtari i par\u00eb amerikan q\u00eb u lexua n\u00eb BRSS.<\/p>\n
\u201cBabai im dhe un\u00eb, nj\u00eb kritik letrar q\u00eb ka luftuar n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb dhe mbeti invalid lufte p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n
Familja e saj, aq e madhe sa \u201citalian\u00ebt mund ta kuptojn\u00eb dhe gjerman\u00ebt m\u00eb pak\u201d, \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr an\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
\u201cNe kemi origjin\u00eb hebreje, edhe n\u00ebse kemi humbur \u00e7do kontakt me fen\u00eb, madje edhe gjuh\u00ebn, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb nj\u00ebzet\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n
Por kur iu desh t\u00eb largoheshin nga Rusia \u201cdhe un\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk doja ta b\u00ebja k\u00ebt\u00eb\u201d Izraeli u b\u00eb nj\u00eb streh\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Ajo dhe bashk\u00ebshorti i saj, nj\u00eb ish-fizikan b\u00ebrthamor, mor\u00ebn pasaportat e tyre brenda nj\u00eb jave.<\/p>\n
\u201cPastaj tmerri i paimagjinuesh\u00ebm mb\u00ebrriti edhe atje\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ajo n\u00eb Berlin, ku nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb jep m\u00ebsim; vajz\u00ebn e saj tjet\u00ebr dhe nip\u00ebrit e tjer\u00eb n\u00eb New York.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb emigracioni\u201d, thot\u00eb ajo.<\/p>\n
Dhe ka pak nostalgji.<\/p>\n
A keni folur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb me Yulia Navalnaya? Ajo gjithashtu jeton n\u00eb Berlin.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ne e njohim nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, sigurisht. Ajo dhe Aleksey Navalny erdh\u00ebn disa her\u00eb n\u00eb Memorial n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. Kam respekt t\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebr guximin e tij. Navalny \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb martir, nj\u00eb martir modern. Shpresuam q\u00eb ai t\u00eb b\u00ebhej Mandela yn\u00eb.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n Le ta themi k\u00ebshtu: veprimtaria e Fondacionit Navalny, \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme, e guximshme, e denj\u00eb, p\u00ebr mendimin tim, megjithat\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pa probleme.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb miliona rus\u00eb q\u00eb u larguan nga Rusia p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb: 80-90% jan\u00eb t\u00eb diplomuar, kan\u00eb rroga t\u00eb mira, duan t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb taksa. Por ata nuk munden. Evropa i mban n\u00eb harres\u00eb n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e refugjat\u00ebve.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj \u00e7far\u00eb duhet?<\/strong><\/p>\n Nga pik\u00ebpamja politike \u00ebsht\u00eb e gabuar. BE-ja duhet t\u2019i ndihmoj\u00eb, t\u2019i p\u00ebrdor\u00eb politikisht.<\/p>\n Ata mund t\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb se kush \u00ebsht\u00eb Putin. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb burgosur n\u00eb burokraci.<\/p>\n Me \u00e7far\u00eb nuk jeni dakord p\u00ebr ekipin Navalny?<\/strong><\/p>\n Ata v\u00ebn\u00eb ven\u00eb n\u00eb epiqend\u00ebr vet\u00ebm korrupsionin. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i madh. Megjithat\u00eb, si historiane, besoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb shum\u00eb e ngusht\u00eb dhe e pjesshme.<\/p>\n Navalnian\u00ebt po b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb film me tre pjes\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur Tradhtar\u00ebt. Fillojn\u00eb nga vitet n\u00ebnt\u00ebdhjet\u00eb, i fusin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb kosh.<\/p>\n Tani, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se ka pasur nj\u00eb sulm kolosal ndaj burimeve. Por n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb humbet nj\u00eb fakt vendimtar: q\u00eb vitet 1990 ishin gjithashtu shpres\u00eb, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje e sinqert\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ta b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb demokracia.<\/p>\n Pse d\u00ebshtoi Gorba\u00e7ovi? Historiani Vladislav Zubok, n\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar dhe disi revizionist, R\u00ebnia, argumenton se duke \u00e7montuar strukturat e shtetit, Gorba\u00e7ovi d\u00ebnoi pa dashje BRSS.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ah, Gorba\u00e7ov.<\/p>\n Mund t\u00eb thuhet se ishte n\u00eb m\u00ebdyshje, se kishte frik\u00eb, se kishte n\u00eb kok\u00eb modelet e vjetra t\u00eb partis\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb bardh e zi, besoj se humbasim s\u00eb pari shum\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00ebn. Ai besonte v\u00ebrtet n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb tha, n\u00eb \u201cnj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt evropiane\u201d.<\/p>\n Dhe ja ku ai donte ta \u00e7onte Rusin\u00eb.<\/p>\n Por nuk ia doli dot.<\/strong><\/p>\n Jo. Por nuk kishte luft\u00eb perandorake. Disa konflikte t\u00eb vogla, por ne nuk e p\u00ebsuam fatin e Jugosllavis\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ne duhet t\u2019u jemi mir\u00ebnjoh\u00ebs atyre, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb gjerman\u00ebve. Sepse nuk e dim\u00eb se sa do t\u00eb kishte dal\u00eb nga kontrolli situata me dik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb vend t\u00eb tij. Ai mbetet simboli i nj\u00eb Rusie q\u00eb donte t\u00eb ishte demokratike, dhe tani q\u00eb ai ka vdekur, kjo njihet, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nga ata q\u00eb aspironin.<\/p>\n Edhe p\u00ebr Putinin, edhe pse heshti, ishte e qart\u00eb se ai nuk e mb\u00ebshteste drejtimin n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin po e \u00e7onte vendin.<\/p>\n Ju shkruani se kishte shenja t\u00eb q\u00ebllimeve t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta t\u00eb Putinit q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim.<\/strong><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb njeri me at\u00eb histori, me ata njohje, nj\u00eb njeri i KGB-s\u00eb \u2013 me at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb thoshte n\u00eb Rusi \u2013 nuk duhej t\u00eb ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb president. N\u00eb fakt, ai i mori menj\u00ebher\u00eb me vete njer\u00ebzit e tij nga Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrburgut.<\/p>\n \u00cbsht\u00eb sikur nj\u00eb oficer i Gestapos t\u00eb ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb president n\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb e pasluft\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00eb keq. Sepse demokracia i ishte imponuar Gjermanis\u00eb s\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Cilat shenja u shfaq\u00ebn menj\u00ebher\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n Koh\u00ebt e fundit kam rilexuar at\u00eb q\u00eb kam shkruar n\u00eb vitet n\u00ebnt\u00ebdhjet\u00eb. Isha si Kasandra q\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn dhe askush nuk e d\u00ebgjon. Ne n\u00eb Memorial ishim Kasandra kolektive. Rikthimi n\u00eb epok\u00ebn sovjetike erdhi shpejt: flamuri i kuq p\u00ebr ushtrin\u00eb; himni sovjetik; propagand\u00eb; rehabilitimi i Stalinit; kufizim progresiv i t\u00eb folurit; luft\u00eb brutale n\u00eb \u00c7e\u00e7eni.<\/p>\n Sipas jush, a po i kthehet Rusia stalinizmit?<\/strong><\/p>\n Jo, nuk do ta thosha k\u00ebt\u00eb. Autoritarizmi i Putinit \u00ebsht\u00eb postmodern, ai ka nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier si nj\u00eb kimer\u00eb: koka e luanit, trupi i nj\u00eb dhie, bishti i nj\u00eb gjarpri. Nj\u00eb autoritariz\u00ebm q\u00eb po b\u00ebhet diktatur\u00eb.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb diktatur\u00eb fashiste?<\/strong><\/p>\n Nuk e di n\u00ebse ai \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb fashist. \u00cbsht\u00eb ndryshe.<\/p>\n Dy tipare t\u00eb m\u00ebdha e dallojn\u00eb Putinizmin nga stalinizmi: Stalini, dhe gjithashtu Musolini, madje edhe Hitleri q\u00eb kishte inkorporuar disa ide socialiste, shikonin nga e ardhmja, ata donin t\u00eb krijonin njeriun e ri. Putini shikon vet\u00ebm t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, por nj\u00eb histori q\u00eb nuk ekziston dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb fryt i shpikjes s\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n Dhe tjetra?<\/strong><\/p>\n Stalini kishte kuadro partiake, ai nd\u00ebrtoi nj\u00eb makin\u00eb gjigante pushteti ku kushdo dinte t\u00eb ngjitej n\u00eb hierarki. Si dhe Hitleri.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, ai i Putinit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem kriminal ku ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb parim: besnik\u00ebrin\u00eb personale.<\/p>\n \u00cbsht\u00eb mafie: kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n Dhe n\u00eb fakt tani ata po vendosin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre atje: Patrushev, Khadirov, madje edhe vajza e Putinit \u00ebsht\u00eb rishfaqur. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrosh nj\u00eb sistem, me struktura, sesa nj\u00eb me mafie personale.<\/p>\n A mendoni se ai mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb bomb\u00ebn atomike?<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi b\u00ebrthamor nuk u ekspozua kurr\u00eb n\u00eb vitet sovjetike. Krizat, si ajo e Kub\u00ebs, ishin t\u00eb fshehta, flitej publikisht p\u00ebr paqen. Tani njer\u00ebzit e Putinit thon\u00eb n\u00eb TV se Varshava mund t\u00eb digjet n\u00eb 2 minuta. Padyshim q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb akt vet\u00ebvras\u00ebs. Por nuk e p\u00ebrjashtoj m\u00eb nj\u00ebqind p\u00ebr qind.<\/p>\n Ku \u00ebsht\u00eb shpresa e Rusis\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n Nuk e pash\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite. Mundohem t\u00eb b\u00ebj timen, sa m\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb mundem. Jam pesimiste apo optimiste? Ju e dini se si \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo shaka e vjet\u00ebr: pesimisti thot\u00eb \u201cnuk ka qen\u00eb kurr\u00eb kaq keq\u201d, optimisti p\u00ebrgjigjet \u201cmund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb keq\u201d.<\/p>\n Kush \u00ebsht\u00eb Irina Lazarevna Scherbakowa<\/strong><\/p>\n Irina Lazarevna Scherbakowa, e lindur n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1949, \u00ebsht\u00eb 75 vje\u00e7.<\/p>\n Historiane dhe shkrimtare, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb studiuese e historis\u00eb moderne t\u00eb vendit t\u00eb saj. E lindur n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje hebrenjsh komunist\u00eb, n\u00eb universitet ajo studioi gjermanisht krahas historis\u00eb dhe mori doktoratur\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 1972.<\/p>\n M\u00eb pas filloi t\u00eb punonte si p\u00ebrkthyese e veprave t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb artistike.<\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb viteve 1970 filloi t\u00eb intervistonte disa d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb t\u00eb stalinizmit dhe q\u00eb nga viti 1991 kishte akses n\u00eb arkivat e KGB-s\u00eb, sh\u00ebrbimi i spiunazhit sovjetik. M\u00eb pas ajo intervistoi disa t\u00eb mbijetuar gulag.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 1988 ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt themelues t\u00eb shoqat\u00ebs Memorial, organizata m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr denoncimin e krimeve t\u00eb regjimit sovjetik.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 2022 mori \u00e7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr Paqe me an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2021, Gjykata e Lart\u00eb Ruse urdh\u00ebroi Memorial t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpres\u00eb funksionimin e tij.<\/p>\n Marr\u00eb nga \u201cCorriere Della Sera\u201d, p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr Albanian Post\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n The post Historiania ruse Irina Scherbakowa: Putin? Ne vazhdojm\u00eb ta n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsojm\u00eb at\u00eb \u2013 Nuk e p\u00ebrjashtoj m\u00eb bomb\u00ebn atomike<\/a> appeared first on Albanian Post<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u201cPas gjith\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe ne ende e n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsojm\u00eb Putinin, ka di\u00e7ka n\u00eb logjik\u00ebn e tij q\u00eb na shp\u00ebton. Por, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, kush prej nesh do t\u00eb kishte besuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb?\u201d Ashtu si n\u00eb vitet 1920 nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb par\u00eb, Berlini \u00ebsht\u00eb qyteti i refugjat\u00ebve rus\u00eb. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ata quheshin Vladimir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5732"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5732\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}