\t\t<\/ins><\/p>\n
N\u00eb rastet e tij studimore, Freud analizoi dhe interpretoi historit\u00eb e pacient\u00ebve t\u00eb tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar parimet e p\u00ebrgjithshme psikologjike.<\/p>\n
Hulumtimi shkencor zakonisht fokusohet n\u00eb pes\u00eb raste studimore kanonike, t\u00eb cilave ai u dha emrat e koduar: Dora<\/em>, Little Hans<\/em>, Rat Man, Dr. Schreber <\/em>dhe Wolf Man<\/em>.<\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb mungon rasti i gjasht\u00eb studimor, i vitit 1920, i fundit q\u00eb ka p\u00ebrfunduar Freud.<\/p>\n Rasti i gjasht\u00eb nuk mori nj\u00eb em\u00ebr shum\u00ebngjyr\u00ebsh: Freud thjesht e quajti at\u00eb \u201cvajza\u201d.<\/p>\n \u201cVajza\u201d ishte n\u00eb fakt nj\u00eb e re q\u00eb kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dashuri me nj\u00eb grua 10 vjet m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se ajo.<\/p>\n Trajtimi i saj zgjati vet\u00ebm kat\u00ebr muaj, por dokumentacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb i duksh\u00ebm dhe i pazakont\u00eb.<\/p>\n Me sa dim\u00eb me siguri, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi rast n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin Freud trajtoi nj\u00eb paciente lezbike.<\/p>\n Historian\u00ebt dhe studiuesit e kan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00ebsoj pas dore studimin e k\u00ebtij rasti.<\/p>\n Disa feministe q\u00eb e kan\u00eb diskutuar at\u00eb kan\u00eb mbajtur nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim kritik, duke u fokusuar kryesisht n\u00eb aspektet konservatore dhe mizogjene q\u00eb u identifikuan n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjet e Freud mbi grat\u00eb dhe seksualitetin fem\u00ebror.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb biografi e re, e p\u00ebrkthyer nga gjermanishtja n\u00eb anglisht n\u00eb vitin 2019, 20 vjet pas vdekjes s\u00eb \u201cvajz\u00ebs\u201d, zbuloi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb saj, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb emrin dhe identitetin e saj: Margarethe Csonka (m\u00eb von\u00eb Trautenegg, pas martes\u00ebs me nj\u00eb burr\u00eb), e njohur nga miqt\u00eb e saj si Gretl.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, historia magjeps\u00ebse e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb Gretl-it, e cila p\u00ebrfshiu pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shekullin e XX-t\u00eb, k\u00ebrkonte studime m\u00eb t\u00eb gjera historike dhe nj\u00eb shtrirje m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, pasi prek temat qendrore t\u00eb historis\u00eb hebreje, urbane, mjek\u00ebsore dhe gjinore n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n Rinia e saj, e formuar nga rritja, arkitektura dhe kultura moderne e Vjen\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e dukshme.<\/p>\n Vjena e fillimit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XX-t\u00eb nuk ishte thjesht nj\u00eb sfond historik i historis\u00eb s\u00eb dashuris\u00eb q\u00eb u zhvillua midis Csonka-s, nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimtare hebreje e industrialist\u00ebve t\u00eb naft\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb aristokrateje prusiane q\u00eb kishte humbur pasurin\u00eb e familjes s\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n Qyteti krijoi gjithashtu kushtet p\u00ebr t\u00eb: bulevardet e tij t\u00eb gjera, tramvajet, kabinat e telefonit publik, nd\u00ebrtesat inovative t\u00eb apartamenteve dhe kafenet\u00eb e gjalla e lejuan Gretl-in t\u00eb takonte t\u00eb dashur\u00ebn e saj, t\u00eb sfidonte babain e saj dominues, t\u00eb lundronte n\u00eb kufizimet e identitetit t\u00eb saj hebre \u2013 dhe t\u2019i rezistoj\u00eb psikoanalistit tek i cili e d\u00ebrguan prind\u00ebrit e saj n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr ta \u201ct\u00eb ndrequr\u201d.<\/p>\n N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, Vjena ishte nj\u00eb magnet p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb: Rreth 10 p\u00ebr qind e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb qytetit ishin hebrenj dhe ata p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb elit\u00ebs s\u00eb tij kulturore dhe intelektuale.<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ishte gjithashtu qyteti ku kryetari populist, Karl Lueger, nxiti urrejtje kund\u00ebr hebrenjve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb tmerrshme q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapeshin gjetk\u00eb.<\/p>\n Historia e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb Csonka-s hedh drit\u00eb t\u00eb re mbi lidhjet midis homoseksualitetit dhe hebrenjve n\u00eb mendimin e Freud-it.<\/p>\n N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet trajtimit t\u00eb saj, shfaqen aspekte t\u00eb reja t\u00eb figur\u00ebs s\u00eb njohur t\u00eb Freud-it: Ai shfaqet edhe m\u00eb radikal dhe m\u00eb pak konservator se sa \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n Pas takimit t\u00eb tij me \u201cvajz\u00ebn\u201d, ai zhvilloi nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje m\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl dhe m\u00eb pak gjykuese p\u00ebr homoseksualitetin fem\u00ebror.<\/p>\n Vet\u00eb Csonka, tregojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, ishte gjithashtu e guximshme dhe e shkath\u00ebt, duke p\u00ebrfituar nga mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e reja q\u00eb u hap\u00ebn n\u00eb qendrat e m\u00ebdha urbane p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe hebrenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb proceseve t\u00eb barazis\u00eb, demokratizimit dhe modernizimit.<\/p>\n K\u00ebto mund\u00ebsi e lejuan at\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillonte konceptin e saj p\u00ebr homoseksualitetin p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb diskursit mjek\u00ebsor, i cili shpesh shihet si korniza kryesore p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar seksualitetin n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n N\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb takimit midis Freud-it dhe Csonka-s ishin disa nga paragjykimet kryesore t\u00eb koh\u00ebs: antisemitizmi, mizogjinia dhe homofobia.<\/p>\n Zgjidhjet q\u00eb psikoanalisti dhe pacientja zhvilluan n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre sfidave ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb ata arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb krijonin n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XX-t\u00eb.<\/p>\n Endacake urbane<\/strong><\/p>\n Margarethe Csonka lindi n\u00eb vitin 1900 n\u00eb Lemberg, (tani Lviv, Ukrain\u00eb) n\u00eb Galicin\u00eb per\u00ebndimore.<\/p>\n K\u00ebrkimet gjenealogjike zbulojn\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt hebraike t\u00eb familjes.<\/p>\n Prind\u00ebrit e saj, Arpad dhe Irma, u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb pasur p\u00ebrmes marr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb naft\u00ebs n\u00eb rajon.<\/p>\n I vendosur p\u00ebr t\u2019i kursyer f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tij nga diskriminimi antisemitik q\u00eb hasnin shpesh hebrenjt\u00eb evropian\u00eb dhe pasardh\u00ebsit e tyre, Arpad i pag\u00ebzoi n\u00eb besimin katolik.<\/p>\n Familja u shp\u00ebrngul n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1902, ku Gretl p\u00ebrfundoi studimet e shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme n\u00eb vitin 1917.<\/p>\n Mes trazirave t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, ajo e gjeti veten n\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrjen minimale t\u00eb familjes, duke e lejuar at\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb endacake kurioze urbane.<\/p>\n Ajo e pa p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb dashur\u00ebn e saj madh\u00ebshtore, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn tani e dim\u00eb se ishte baronesha Leonie von Puttkamer, n\u00eb nj\u00eb vendpushim veror jasht\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs n\u00eb ver\u00ebn e vitit 1917.<\/p>\n Duke e ndjekur at\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr qytet, Gretl vuri re se baronesha jetonte n\u00eb Linke.<\/p>\n Gretl do t\u00eb priste p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra jasht\u00eb rezidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb saj, pamja ekstravagante e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs p\u00ebrputhej me stilin e jet\u00ebs shum\u00ebngjyr\u00ebshe t\u00eb baronesh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Leonie von Puttkamer ishte me origjin\u00eb aristokrate prusiane, por familja e saj e kishte humbur pasurin\u00eb dhe prind\u00ebrit e saj u divorcuan.<\/p>\n Pa trash\u00ebgimi apo t\u00eb ardhura, Leonie u zhvendos n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e gjeti shpejt n\u00eb form\u00ebn e romancave t\u00eb paguara me burra dhe gra t\u00eb klas\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n Kur Gretl e takoi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, baronesha ishte n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cm\u00e9nage \u00e0 trois<\/em>\u201d me nj\u00eb \u00e7ift q\u00eb siguronte t\u00eb gjitha nevojat e saj.<\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb \u00e7do momenti n\u00eb dispozicion, Gretl p\u00ebrfitoi nga mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e reja q\u00eb u ishin hapur grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebvizur n\u00ebp\u00ebr qytet m\u00eb lirsh\u00ebm se n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn.<\/p>\n Ajo do t\u00eb priste p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra Leonien n\u00eb komoditetin e nj\u00eb kabine telefonike publike aty pran\u00eb \u2013 nj\u00eb tipar i ri urban q\u00eb e lejoi at\u00eb t\u00eb banonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb \u200b\u200bpublike pa t\u00ebrhequr v\u00ebmendjen e pad\u00ebshiruar.<\/p>\n M\u00eb n\u00eb fund, Csonka mori guximin p\u00ebr t\u2019iu afruar asaj.<\/p>\n T\u00eb dyja filluan t\u00eb b\u00ebnin sh\u00ebtitje s\u00eb bashku dhe shpesh vizitonin kafenet\u00eb, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr nga institucionet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha urbane dhe kulturore t\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat tradicionalisht ishin pron\u00eb e burrave, por tani ishin m\u00eb mikprit\u00ebse edhe p\u00ebr grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n Anonimiteti i qytetit t\u00eb madh dhe infrastruktura e tij e transportit publik i lejuan \u00e7iftit t\u00eb bredhin relativisht lirsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n Rreth fundit t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Madhe, Leonie m\u00eb n\u00eb fund ftoi Gretl n\u00eb banes\u00ebn e saj.<\/p>\n Si\u00e7 ishte zakon n\u00eb miq\u00ebsi heteroseksuale, Gretl solli lule dhe poezi.<\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim, Leonie i m\u00ebsoi asaj p\u00ebr seksualitetin dhe e prezantoi at\u00eb me bestsellerin erotik \u201cThe Memoirs of Josephine Mutzenbacher<\/em>\u201c, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin studiuesit besojn\u00eb se ishte shkruar nga shkrimtari hebre Felix Salten, i cili m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00eb m\u00eb i famsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr librin e tij p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb \u201cBambi: A Life in Woods<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n P\u00ebrshkrimet e qarta seksuale t\u00eb librit sqaruan p\u00ebr Gretl-in natyr\u00ebn e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve t\u00eb Leonie-t me burrat dhe grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n Fatkeq\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr Gretl-in, zyra e babait t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb ishte pak larg nga dhe Arpad e kapi at\u00eb me baronesh\u00ebn.<\/p>\n Pas k\u00ebtij zbulimi, i cili u nd\u00ebrtua nga refuzimi i ftoht\u00eb i Leonie, Gretl tentoi vet\u00ebvrasjen duke u hedhur n\u00eb shinat e hekurudh\u00ebs periferike.<\/p>\n Ajo mbijetoi dhe me shpres\u00ebn p\u00ebr ta rehabilituar, prind\u00ebrit vendos\u00ebn ta d\u00ebrgonin te profesor Freud-i p\u00ebr ta kthyer n\u00eb \u201cnormalitet\u201d.<\/p>\n Trajtimi zgjati vet\u00ebm kat\u00ebr muaj.<\/p>\n Pes\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb, Gretl shkonte me transport publik p\u00ebr n\u00eb klinik\u00ebn e Freud n\u00eb Berggasse 19 n\u00eb lagjen Alsergrund, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb qytetit.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vizit\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb par\u00eb, ajo u gjunj\u00ebzua p\u00ebr t\u00eb puthur dor\u00ebn e mjekut, p\u00ebrpara se ai ta kund\u00ebrshtonte.<\/p>\n Kjo ishte hera e par\u00eb dhe e fundit q\u00eb ai qeshi; p\u00ebrndryshe, thot\u00eb ajo n\u00eb biografin\u00eb e saj, ai ishte \u201ci sinqert\u00eb dhe krejt\u00ebsisht i paarritsh\u00ebm, por jo i padashur\u201d.<\/p>\n N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, ajo e shihte at\u00eb si \u201cjo interesant; nj\u00eb plak me nj\u00eb mjek\u00ebr t\u00eb bardh\u00eb bukuroshe q\u00eb shtron pyetje dhe b\u00ebn pohime t\u00eb pabesueshme\u201d.<\/p>\n Ajo e gjeti qilimin e ngurt\u00eb persian n\u00eb divanin e Freud-it si \u201cnj\u00eb mbules\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme\u201d.<\/p>\n Pas seancave t\u00eb saj dhe pavar\u00ebsisht se i kishte thyer premtimet ndaj babait t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos par\u00eb baronesh\u00ebn, Gretl do t\u00eb shkonte p\u00ebr t\u2019u ribashkuar me Leonie n\u00eb Caf\u00e9 Herrenhof n\u00eb Herrengasse 10.<\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjetme, kjo kafene ishte e njohur n\u00eb mesin e letrar\u00ebve t\u00eb qytetit.<\/p>\n E r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, Gretl nuk kishte gjasa t\u00eb takonte baban\u00eb e saj atje.<\/p>\n Brend\u00ebsia e kafenes\u00eb u projektua nga arkitekti hebre, Stefan Fayans, nj\u00eb projektues i kinemave dhe restoranteve t\u00eb reja q\u00eb po nd\u00ebrtohen n\u00eb qytet, hap\u00ebsira publike moderne ku t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt dhe hebrenjt\u00eb e t\u00eb dy gjinive mund t\u00eb shoq\u00ebroheshin.<\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb Art Nouveau, Gretl mund t\u00eb takohej rregullisht me Leonie pa t\u00ebrhequr v\u00ebmendjen.<\/p>\n Pronari, B\u00e9la Waldmann, ishte hebre, dhe kafeneja u konfiskua kur Gjermania naziste aneksoi Austrin\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1938.<\/p>\n Waldmann, megjithat\u00eb, i mbijetoi luft\u00ebs.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 1938, Fayans u ndalua t\u00eb ushtronte profesionin e tij dhe u vra nga gjerman\u00ebt n\u00eb 1942.<\/p>\n K\u00ebto takime minuan qart\u00eb trajtimin e Freud-it.<\/p>\n Takimi me Leonie n\u00eb kafene menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas sesioneve t\u00eb saj me Freud-in ishte ideale, duke i siguruar Gretl-it alibin\u00eb e p\u00ebrsosur urbane \u2013 askush nuk e vuri re kthimin e saj me vones\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe kafeneja ofronte nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb takoheshin.<\/p>\n Pas kat\u00ebr muajsh, Freud arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se \u201cvajza\u201d kishte nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar \u201ctransferim pozitiv\u201d ndaj tij si nj\u00eb analist mashkull, dhe duke qen\u00eb se ajo nuk shprehte d\u00ebshir\u00ebn t\u00eb hiqte dor\u00eb nga homoseksualiteti i saj, ai vendosi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpres\u00eb terapin\u00eb.<\/p>\n Qasje inovative<\/strong><\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb trajtimit, Freud ishte i hapur dhe madje radikal n\u00eb qasjen e tij ndaj homoseksualitetit fem\u00ebror.<\/p>\n Pohimi i tij i famsh\u00ebm se t\u00eb gjitha qeniet njer\u00ebzore jan\u00eb n\u00eb thelb biseksuale e b\u00ebri d\u00ebshirimin e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit seks nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb universale, madje edhe p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb, sipas tij, u maturuan normalisht dhe u b\u00ebn\u00eb heteroseksual\u00eb.<\/p>\n Freud besonte se rruga normale e zhvillimit \u00e7oi n\u00eb heteroseksualitet, dhe ky ishte me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb aspekti konservator i shkrimit t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb radikale q\u00eb u p\u00ebrforcua m\u00eb tej nga takimi i tij me Gretl, ai kund\u00ebrshtoi me vendosm\u00ebri pik\u00ebpamjen se homoseksualiteti ishte nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kur\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ai i shihte homoseksual\u00ebt si t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, por jo si devijues, m\u00ebkatar\u00eb apo kriminel\u00eb, apo si ata q\u00eb duhen ndryshuar.<\/p>\n Sipas pik\u00ebpamjes s\u00eb tij, roli i psikanaliz\u00ebs ishte vet\u00ebm t\u00eb ekspozonte mekanizmat mendor\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuan zgjedhjen e objektit t\u00eb dashuris\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ai nuk u premtoi prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb Gretlit se mund ta transformonte at\u00eb; ai vet\u00ebm i premtoi se do ta studionte at\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n Freud e filloi rr\u00ebfimin e tij p\u00ebr rastin e \u201cvajz\u00ebs\u201d duke shpjeguar rrethanat q\u00eb e kishin sjell\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb klinik\u00ebn e tij.<\/p>\n Pacientja e tij ishte \u201cnj\u00eb vajz\u00eb e bukur dhe e zgjuar 18-vje\u00e7are, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkiste nj\u00eb familjeje me status t\u00eb mir\u00eb\u201d, e cila i shqet\u00ebsoi prind\u00ebrit e saj me \u201cadhurimin e p\u00ebrkushtuar\u201d me t\u00eb cilin ajo ndiqte nj\u00eb \u201czonj\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d, rreth 10 vjet m\u00eb e madhe se ajo.<\/p>\n Dashuria e vajz\u00ebs i kishte g\u00eblltitur t\u00eb gjitha interesat e tjera t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n Pavar\u00ebsisht prejardhjes aristokratike t\u00eb \u201czonj\u00ebs s\u00eb saj\u201d, prind\u00ebrit e vajz\u00ebs besonin se ajo ishte \u201casgj\u00eb ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb cocotte<\/em>\u201d \u2013 nj\u00eb grua e klas\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb q\u00eb siguron jetes\u00ebn nga prostitucioni.<\/p>\n Ai vazhdoi t\u00eb shpjegonte se homoseksualiteti fem\u00ebror, megjith\u00ebse jo m\u00eb pak i zakonsh\u00ebm se homoseksualiteti i meshkujve, ishte injoruar kryesisht.<\/p>\n N\u00eb fakt, Vjena ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim nga kjo prirje, pasi ligji austriak p\u00ebrfshinte homoseksualitetin fem\u00ebror n\u00eb kodin penal q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1852.<\/p>\n Pik\u00ebpamja e Freud p\u00ebr homoseksualitetin ndryshonte nga ajo e seksolog\u00ebve t\u00eb shquar t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, mes tyre kryesori Richard von Krafft-Ebing dhe Havelock Ellis.<\/p>\n Ai huazoi prej tyre termin mjek\u00ebsor \u201cinversion\u201d, por p\u00ebr Freud-in, ai i referohej nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysjeje mendore dhe jo fiziologjike.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr shembull, Krafft-Ebing dhe Ellis prisnin q\u00eb trupat e homoseksual\u00ebve t\u00eb shfaqnin karakteristika t\u00eb seksit t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt.<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, Freud hodhi posht\u00eb diskutimet e tyre t\u00eb holl\u00ebsishme mbi rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt biologjike t\u00eb homoseksualitetit.<\/p>\n Seksolog\u00ebt ishin figura m\u00eb komplekse sesa portretizonte Freud-i, dhe disa ishin reformator\u00eb radikal\u00eb q\u00eb punonin p\u00ebr t\u00eb legalizuar homoseksualitetin, si\u00e7 kan\u00eb zbuluar studimet e fundit historike.<\/p>\n Freud Ai tregoi respekt p\u00ebr feminizmin q\u00eb shprehte Gretl dhe fokusi i tij kryesor ishte n\u00eb gjendjen e saj mendore, jo n\u00eb trupin e saj.<\/p>\n Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkenc\u00eb hebreje?<\/strong><\/p>\n Pavar\u00ebsisht pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Gretl me profesorin e moshuar, ishin pyetjet e tij q\u00eb e shtyn\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb pyeste n\u00ebn\u00ebn e saj p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn hebraike t\u00eb familjes p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n K\u00ebshtu, takimi mes t\u00eb dyve ishte gjithashtu nj\u00eb takim midis atyre q\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb perceptoheshin si nj\u00eb hebre i asimiluar dhe nj\u00eb gruaje homoseksuale hebreje t\u00eb asimiluar (edhe pse ajo ishte pag\u00ebzuar si katolike).<\/p>\n Studiuesit e studimeve hebraike kan\u00eb treguar se disa nga idet\u00eb e Freud-it u artikuluan n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb klim\u00ebs antisemitike, raciste dhe homofobike n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ai praktikonte.<\/p>\n Freud synonte t\u00eb siguronte q\u00eb idet\u00eb e tij t\u00eb shiheshin si t\u00eb vlefshme universale dhe se psikanaliza nuk do t\u00eb etiketohej si nj\u00eb \u201cshkenc\u00eb hebreje.\u201d<\/p>\n N\u00eb pjes\u00ebt m\u00eb konservatore t\u00eb shkrimeve t\u00eb tij, Freud me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb projektoi tek grat\u00eb imazhin negativ dhe homofobik t\u00eb burrit hebre dhe i shihte ato si dyt\u00ebsore ndaj burrave.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje kryesore n\u00eb teorit\u00eb q\u00eb ai zhvilloi ishte shnd\u00ebrrimi i asaj q\u00eb konsiderohej devijuese ose margjinale n\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb lidhur pazgjidhshm\u00ebrisht me normat universale.<\/p>\n Duke vepruar k\u00ebshtu, Freud sfidoi q\u00ebndrimet mbizot\u00ebruese t\u00eb racizmit dhe patologjizimit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit e Freud-it, si hebrenjt\u00eb ashtu edhe homoseksual\u00ebt shiheshin si varietete t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve normal\u00eb \u2013 mes shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve \u2013 jo si devijime patologjike.<\/p>\n K\u00ebshtu, pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb Gretl, Freud arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se pacientja e tij lezbike nuk ishte as neurotike dhe as histerike.<\/p>\n Bashkimi i von\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Pavar\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb saj, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia e Csonka-s me von Puttkamer vazhdoi si nj\u00eb miq\u00ebsi e ngusht\u00eb.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 1924, baronesha u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb nj\u00eb skandal kriminal: Burri i saj d\u00ebshmoi n\u00eb polici se ajo ishte lezbike dhe pretendoi se kishte tentuar ta helmonte.<\/p>\n Pasi emri i saj u pastrua, von Puttkamer u zhvendos n\u00eb Berlin dhe kontakti me Csonka-n u humb.<\/p>\n Edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb se seksualiteti dhe gjinia e saj, hebraizmi mbeti i kontestuar p\u00ebr Csonka-n.<\/p>\n Pas aneksimit t\u00eb Austris\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1938, Csonka u b\u00eb refugjate hebreje.<\/p>\n Para se t\u00eb ikte n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik, ajo arriti t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb vizit\u00eb t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb Leonie n\u00eb Berlin.<\/p>\n Vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij ribashkimi emocionues, si\u00e7 tregon Gretl n\u00eb intervista, ajo dhe Leonie b\u00ebn\u00eb dashuri p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n Csonka vazhdoi p\u00ebr n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb, ku hipi n\u00eb Hekurudh\u00ebn Trans-Siberiane p\u00ebr n\u00eb Japoni; prej andej, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat historike tregojn\u00eb se ajo udh\u00ebtoi me anije n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Veriut dhe i kaloi vitet e luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Havan\u00eb t\u00eb Kub\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Leonie vdiq n\u00eb 1953 n\u00eb Berlin; T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare rendisin si shkak \u00a0d\u00ebshtimin e zemr\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb tumor t\u00eb trurit.<\/p>\n N\u00eb 1954, Csonka u kthye n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ajo luftoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur pun\u00eb dhe shpesh l\u00ebvizte mes dhomave me qira.<\/p>\n Ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatej me shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb austriake t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pasi ajo dhe familja e saj kishin humbur pasurin\u00eb.<\/p>\n Me ndihm\u00ebn e miqve, Csonka gjeti pun\u00eb si guvernate p\u00ebr familjet e pasura n\u00eb Tajland\u00eb, Brazil, Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Spanj\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ajo u b\u00eb edhe piktore.<\/p>\n N\u00eb pleq\u00ebri ajo u kthye p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb.<\/p>\n S\u00ebrish me ndihm\u00ebn e miqve, ajo gjeti nj\u00eb vendbanim p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuarit dhe u mb\u00ebshtet te pagesat e kompensimit, t\u00eb cilat dokumentet arkivore tregojn\u00eb se i kishte marr\u00eb me vones\u00eb nga qeveria austriake si e mbijetuar e Holokaustit.<\/p>\n Csonka vdiq n\u00eb vitin 1999 n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 99-vje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n Ajo luftoi me homoseksualitetin e saj gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb saj, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb martes\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme (dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb divorc) me nj\u00eb burr\u00eb q\u00eb e urrente.<\/p>\n Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebtyre sfidave, ajo vazhdoi t\u2019i donte grat\u00eb me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin pasion q\u00eb kishte ndjer\u00eb dikur p\u00ebr baronesh\u00ebn.<\/p>\n Edhe n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00eb, ajo shijoi jet\u00ebn urbane dhe n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 96-vje\u00e7are vizitoi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nj\u00eb bar lezbikesh.<\/p>\n Ajo vazhdoi ta kujtonte Freud-in me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje zem\u00ebrimi dhe pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsie, por gjeti k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi duke ditur se i kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb atij nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n Shkruar nga Prof. Michal Shapira, e cila jep m\u00ebsim n\u00eb departamentin e historis\u00eb t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Tel Avivit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb autore e \u201cSigmund Freud and His Patient Margarethe Csonka: A Case of Homosexuality in a Woman in Modern Vienna\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n The post Vajza dhe baronesha: Jeta e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e pacientes s\u00eb vetme lezbike t\u00eb Freud-it<\/a> appeared first on Albanian Post<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tet\u00ebdhjet\u00eb e pes\u00eb vjet pas vdekjes s\u00eb tij, teorit\u00eb themelore t\u00eb Sigmund Freud mbi seksualitetin vijojn\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb ndikim n\u00eb diskutime t\u00eb panum\u00ebrta bashk\u00ebkohore. Shkrimet e babait t\u00eb psikanaliz\u00ebs ishin dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb novatore, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht rreth asaj q\u00eb ne tani e konsiderojm\u00eb komuniteti LGBTQ. Megjithat\u00eb, jan\u00eb zakonisht konceptet e tij p\u00ebr homoseksualitetin mes meshkujve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8554"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8554\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiogjilani.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/rrrAY\/201a23c3867eabd25aa8fcdaea1c2759545ff562.webp\")
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